This is an illustration from 諸国百物語 [Shokoku Hyaku Monogatari (100 Stories of Countries)], a book published in Japan in 1677. It accompanied a scary story of a monster eating a young man's bones, and has since been attached to a very different monster in popular presentation.
This copy of the image comes from the Japanese Wikipedia website [in Japanese]: Link Here! - [or Google Translate to English]: Link Here!